DATA
CHILE
Year Value Rank Average
Value
Economic Performance 1.1 Domestic Economy Size

• Gross domestic product (GDP)

US$ billions 2007 163.92 40 929.44

• GDP (PPP)

Estimates; US$ billions at purchasing power parity 2007 225.02 38 1,034.67

• Household consumption expenditure

US$ billions 2007 89.64 - -

• Household consumption expenditure

Percentage of GDP 2007 54.69 - -

• Government consumption expenditure

US$ billions 2007 17.18 - -

• Government consumption expenditure

Percentage of GDP 2007 10.48 - -

• Gross fixed capital formation

US$ billions 2007 33.71 - -

• Gross fixed capital formation

Percentage of GDP 2007 20.56 - -

• Gross domestic savings

US$ billions 2007 57.10 - -

• Gross domestic savings

Percentage of GDP 2007 34.83 - -

• Economic sectors

Breakdown as a percentage of GDP 2007 - - -

• Diversification of the economy

Diversification of the economy is sufficient 2008 4.37 35 4.70

Growth

• Real GDP Growth

Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices 2007 5.10 30 5.21

• Real GDP Growth per capita

Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices 2007 4.17 24 4.35

• Household consumption expenditure - real growth

Percentage change, based on constant prices 2007 7.74 - -

• Government consumption expenditure - real growth

Percentage change, based on constant prices 2007 5.84 - -

• Gross fixed capital formation - real growth

Percentage change, based on constant prices 2007 11.89 - -

• Resilience of the economy

Resilience of the economy to economic cycles is strong 2008 5.89 7 4.76



Wealth

• GDP per capita

US$ per capita 2007 9,880.44 36 25,079.57

• GDP (PPP) per capita

Estimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity 2007 13,563.58 37 23,786.54

• Household consumption expenditure per capita

US$ per capita 2007 5,403.32 - -

• Government consumption expenditure per capita

US$ per capita 2007 1,035.36 - -

• Gross fixed capital formation per capita

US$ per capita 2007 2,031.67 - -

• Gross domestic savings per capita

US$ per capita 2007 3,441.76 - -

Forecasts

• Forecast: Real GDP Growth

Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices 2008 4.20 - -

• Forecast: Inflation

Percentage change 2008 4.30 - -

• Forecast: Unemployment

Percentage of total labor force 2008 5.90 - -

• Forecast: Current account balance

Percentage of GDP/GNP 2008 -0.50 - -

Economic Performance 1.2 International Trade

• Current account balance

US$ billions (minus sign = deficit) 2007 7.20 - -

• Current account balance

Percentage of GDP 2007 4.39 17 0.12

• Balance of trade

US$ billions (minus sign = deficit) 2007 22.19 - -

• Balance of trade

Percentage of GDP 2007 13.54 - -

• Balance of commercial services

US$ billions (minus sign = deficit) 2007 -1.49 - -

• Balance of commercial services

Percentage of GDP 2007 -0.91 - -

• Exports of goods

US$ billions 2007 68.30 36 227.91

• Exports of goods

Percentage of GDP 2007 41.66 18 42.14

• Exports of goods - growth

Percentage change based on US$ values 2007 17.52 25 16.52

• Exports of commercial services

US$ billions 2007 7.98 44 54.83

• Exports of commercial services

Percentage of GDP 2007 4.87 40 12.37

• Exports of commercial services - growth

Percentage change based on US$ values 2007 7.70 50 18.50

• Exports breakdown by economic sector

Percentage of total exports 2006 - - -

• Imports of goods & commercial services

US$ billions 2007 55.58 - -

• Imports of goods & commercial services

Percentage of GDP 2007 33.91 - -

• Imports of goods & commercial services - growth

Percentage change based on US$ values 2007 19.01 - -

• Imports breakdown by economic sector

Percentage of total imports 2006 - - -

• Trade to GDP ratio

(Exports + Imports) / (2 x GDP) 2007 40.22 30 54.35

• Terms of trade index

Unit value of exports over unit value of imports (2000 = 100) 2007 - 102.32

• Tourism receipts

International tourism receipts as a percentage of GDP 2006 0.83 49 3.28

• Exchange rates

Exchange rates support the competitiveness of enterprises 2008 3.58 42 4.40

1.3 International Investment
Investment

• Direct investment flows abroad

US$ billions 2007 3.52 35 28.71

• Direct investment flows abroad

Percentage of GDP 2007 2.15 29 3.59

• Direct investment stocks abroad

US$ billions 2006 26.79 32 257.15

• Direct investment stocks abroad

Percentage of GDP 2006 18.37 28 33.57

• Direct investment stocks abroad - growth

Percentage change based on US$ values 2006 25.26 26 36.48

• Direct investment flows inward

US$ billions 2007 11.93 23 25.62

• Direct investment flows inward

Percentage of GDP 2007 7.28 10 5.37

• Direct investment stocks inward

US$ billions 2006 80.73 29 238.15

• Direct investment stocks inward

Percentage of GDP 2006 55.36 16 49.40

• Direct investment stocks inward - growth

Percentage change based on US$ values 2006 9.23 47 26.28

• Balance of direct investment flows

US$ billions (flows abroad minus flows inward) 2007 -8.41 - -

• Balance of direct investment flows

Percentage of GDP (flows abroad minus flows inward) 2007 -5.13 - -

• Net position in direct investment stocks

US$ billions (stocks abroad minus stocks inward) 2006 -53.94 - -

• Net position in direct investment stocks

Percentage of GDP (stocks abroad minus stocks inward) 2006 -36.99 - -

• Relocation threats of production

Relocation of production is not a threat to the future of your economy 2008 6.37 6 4.90

• Relocation threats of R&D facilities

Relocation of R&D facilities is not a threat to the future of your economy 2008 6.42 4 4.86

• Relocation threats of services

Relocation of services is not a threat to the future of your economy 2008 6.89 3 5.31

Finance

• Portfolio investment assets

US$ billions 2006 10.85 25 49.81

• Portfolio investment liabilities

US$ billions 2006 0.84 46 61.93

1.4 Employment

• Employment

Total employment in millions 2007 6.65 31 40.03

• Employment

Percentage of population 2007 40.09 44 45.61

• Employment - growth

Estimates: percentage change 2007 3.75 9 2.40

• Employment by sector

Percentage of total employment 2006 - - -

• Employment in the public sector

Percentage of total employment 2006 14.59 - -

• Unemployment rate

Percentage of labor force 2007 7.20 33 6.61

• Long-term unemployment

Percentage of labor force 2006 3.40 31 2.99

• Youth unemployment

Percentage of youth labor force (under the age of 25) 2007 18.50 37 15.11

1.5 Prices

• Consumer price inflation

Average annual rate 2007 7.57 48 4.09

• Cost-of-living index

Index of a basket of goods & services in major cities, including housing (New York City = 100) 2007 73.30 11 86.30

• Apartment rent

3-room apartment monthly rent in major cities, US$ 2006 2,050.00 - -

Government Efficiency 2.1 Public Finance

• Government budget surplus/deficit

US$ billions 2007 14.21 - -

• Government budget surplus/deficit

Percentage of GDP 2007 8.67 3 0.55

• Total general government debt

US$ billions 2007 6.73 - -

• Total general government debt

Percentage of GDP 2007 4.11 4 41.49

• Total general government debt - real growth

Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices 2007 -20.19 1 -1.15

• Central government domestic debt

Percentage of GDP 2007 2.12 - -

• Central government foreign debt

Percentage of GDP 2007 1.99 17 10.80

• Interest payment

Percentage of current revenue 2007 1.03 5 7.61

• Management of public finances

Management of public finances over the next two years is likely to improve 2008 5.74 18 5.16

• Pension funding

Pension funding is adequately addressed for the future 2008 7.42 1 3.87

• Total reserves

Gold and official reserves (gold = SDR 35 per ounce), SDR billions 2007 10.66 40 65.59

• General government expenditure

Percentage of GDP 2007 14.71 - -

2.2 Fiscal Policy

• Collected total tax revenues

Percentage of GDP 2006 23.33 15 29.97

• Collected personal income tax

On profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP 2006 - - -

• Collected corporate taxes

On profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP 2006 - - -

• Collected indirect tax revenues

Taxes on goods and services as a percentage of GDP 2006 7.71 - -

• Collected capital and property taxes

Percentage of GDP 2006 0.58 - -

• Collected social security contribution

Compulsory contribution of employees and employers as a percentage of GDP 2006 1.36 - -

• Effective personal income tax rate

Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita 2007 20.10 34 16.77

• Corporate tax rate on profit

Maximum tax rate, calculated on profit before tax 2008 17.00 6 26.13

• Consumption tax rate

Standard rate of VAT / GST 2007 19.00 25 16.35

• Employee’s social security contribution rateli>

Compulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita 2007 20.10 52 9.95

• Employer’s social security contribution rate
>

Compulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita 2007 2.96 4 19.29

• Real personal taxes
>

Real personal taxes do not discourage people from working or seeking advancement 2008 5.32 16 4.56

• Real corporate taxes
>

Real corporate taxes do not discourage entrepreneurial activity 2008 6.86 7 4.90

• Tax evasion
>

Tax evasion does not hamper business activity 2008 7.63 1 4.42

2.3 Institutional Frameworkan> Central Bankan>

• Real short-term interest rate
>

Real discount / bank rate 2007 -1.46 5 2.02

• Cost of capital

Cost of capital encourages business development 2008 6.83 2 4.92

• Interest rate spread
>

Lending rate minus deposit rate 2007 3.05 27 3.55

• Country credit rating
>

Rating on a scale of 0-100 assessed by the Institutional Investor Magazine ranking 2007 77.60 28 76.06

• Central bank policy
>

Central bank policy has a positive impact on economic development 2008 7.21 5 6.06

• Exchange rate stability
>

Parity change from national currency to SDR, 2007 / 2005 2007 0.07 15 0.10

• State Efficiency
>

Policy direction of the governmentPolicy direction of the government is consistent 2008 4.95 22 4.54

• Legal and regulatory framework
>

The legal and regulatory framework encourages the competitiveness of enterprises 2008 4.84 21 4.31

• Adaptability of government policy
>

Adaptability of government policy to changes in the economy is high 2008 4.22 22 4.06

• Government decisions
>

Government decisions are effectively implemented 2008 3.26 38 4.09

• Political parties
>

Political parties do understand today's economic challenges 2008 3.16 35 3.80

• Transparency
>

Transparency of government policy is satisfactory 2008 4.53 23 4.28

• Public service
>

The public service is independent from political interference 2008 4.22 20 3.46

• Bureaucracy
>

Bureaucracy does not hinder business activity 2008 3.78 16 2.98

• Bribing and corruption
>

Bribing and corruption do not exist 2008 4.97 24 4.13

2.4 Business Legislationan> Opennessan>

• Customs' authorities
>

Customs' authorities do facilitate the efficient transit of goods 2008 7.26 8 5.60

• Protectionism
>

Protectionism does not impair the conduct of your business 2008 7.84 3 5.70

• Public sector contracts
>

Public sector contracts are sufficiently open to foreign bidders 2008 8.22 2 5.88

• International transactions
>

International transactions can be freely negotiated with foreign partners 2008 9.21 1 7.25

• Foreign investors
>

Foreign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies 2008 8.95 3 7.11

• Capital markets
>

Capital markets (foreign and domestic) are easily accessible 2008 8.47 6 6.88

• Investment incentives

Investment incentives are attractive to foreign investors 2008 6.74 16 5.83

2.4 Business Legislationan> Competition and Regulationsan>

• Government subsidies
>

To private and public companies as a percentage of GDP 2006 4.25 52 1.39

• Subsidies
>

Subsidies do not distort fair competition and economic development 2008 7.37 2 5.10

• State ownership of enterprises
>

State ownership of enterprises is not a threat to business activities 2008 4.21 49 5.68

• Competition legislation
>

Competition legislation is efficient in preventing unfair competition 2008 7.19 3 5.41

• Product and service legislation
>

Product and service legislation does not deter business activity 2008 6.89 12 5.92

• Price controls
>

Price controls do not affect pricing of products in most industries 2008 8.79 2 6.40

• Parallel economy
>

Parallel (black-market, unrecorded) economy does not impair economic development 2008 8.05 2 4.78

• Regulation intensity
>

Regulation intensity does not restrain the ability of companies to compete 2008 6.68 5 4.90

• Ease of doing business
>

Ease of doing business is supported by regulations 2008 5.17 21 4.67

• Creation of firms
>

Creation of firms is supported by legislation 2008 5.42 32 5.71

• Start-up days
>

Number of days to start a business 2007 27.00 32 29.18

Labor Regulationsan>

• Labor regulations
>

Labor regulations (hiring/firing practices, minimum wages, etc.) do not hinder business activities 2008 3.11 49 4.65

• Unemployment legislation
>

Unemployment legislation provides an incentive to look for work 2008 5.42 13 4.64

• Immigration laws
>

Immigration laws do not prevent your company from employing foreign labor 2008 7.42 3 5.68

2.5 Societal Frameworkan>

• Justice
>

Justice is fairly administered 2008 5.47 27 5.41

• Personal security and private property
>

Personal security and private property are adequately protected 2008 5.58 38 6.18

• Ageing of society
>

Ageing of society is not a burden for economic development 2008 5.47 19 4.62

• Risk of political instability
>

The risk of political instability is very low 2008 8.05 20 6.50

• Social cohesion
>

Social cohesion is a priority for the government 2008 7.03 12 5.66

• Income distribution - lowest 20%

Percentage of household incomes going to lowest 20% of households 2005 3.80 - -

• Income distribution - highest 20%

Percentage of household incomes going to highest 20% of households 2005 60.00 - -

• Equal opportunity
>

Equal opportunity legislation in your country encourages economic development 2008 6.37 23 6.11

• Females in parliament
>

Percentage of total seats in Parliament 2007 12.70 42 20.60

• Female positions
>

Percentage of total legislators, senior officials and managers 2005 25.00 41 30.18

• Gender income ratio

Ratio of estimated female to male earned income globally 2005 0.40 48 0.57

3.1 Productivity & Efficiency

• Overall productivity (PPP)

Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed, US$ 2007 33,829.93 38 50,369.10

• Overall productivity

GDP per person employed, US$ 2007 24,643.54 - -

• Overall productivity - real growth

Estimates: Percentage change of real GDP per person employed 2007 1.57 34 2.87

• Labor productivity (PPP)

Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed per hour, US$ 2007 15.47 39 26.66

• Labor productivity (PPP) growth

Percentage change of GDP (PPP) per person employed per hour 2007 1.30 38 3.01

• Agricultural productivity (PPP)

Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in agriculture, US$ 2007 10,290.72 - -

• Productivity in industry (PPP)

Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in industry, US$ 2007 64,606.89 - -

• Productivity in services (PPP)

Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in services, US$ 2007 26,707.64 - -

• Large corporations

Large corporations are efficient by international standards 2008 8.00 4 6.67

• Small and medium-size enterprises

Small and medium-size enterprises are efficient by international standards 2008 5.37 34 5.77

• Productivity of companies

Productivity of companies is supported by global strategies (supplies, offshoring, outsourcing) 2008 6.05 24 5.81

3.2 Labor Market Costs

• Compensation levels

Estimates: Total hourly compensation for manufacturing workers (wages + supplementary benefits), US$ 2006 2.05 10 13.48

• Unit labor costs in the manufacturing sector

Percentage change 2007 - 2.77

• Remuneration in services professions

Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$ 2006 - 23 -

• Remuneration of management

Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$ 2007 - 30 -

Relations

• Working hours

Average number of working hours per year 2007 2,186.34 6 1,952.67

• Labor relations

Labor relations are generally productive 2008 5.79 32 6.08

• Worker motivation

Worker motivation in companies is high 2008 5.58 32 5.76

• Industrial disputes

Working days lost per 1,000 inhabitants per year (average 2004-2006) 2006 9.60 30 34.78

• Employee training

3.2 Labor Market Availability of Skills

• Labor force

Employed and registered unemployed millions 2007 7.17 31 42.38

• Labor force

Percentage of population 2007 43.20 44 49.07

• Labor force growth

Percentage change 2007 4.86 5 1.91

• Part-time employment

Percentage of total employment 2006 - 14.05

• Female labor force

Percentage of total labor force 2007 37.07 46 42.74

• Foreign labor force

Percentage of total labor force 2006 - - -

• Skilled labor

Skilled labor is readily available 2008 5.79 17 5.01

• Finance skills

Finance skills are readily available 2008 7.37 7 5.95

• Attracting and retaining talents

Attracting and retaining talents is a priority in companies 2008 6.05 38 6.61

• Brain drain

Brain drain (well-educated and skilled people) does not hinder competitiveness in your economy 2008 7.03 6 4.76

• Foreign high-skilled people

Foreign high-skilled people are attracted to your country's business environment 2008 6.47 10 5.03

• International experience

International experience of senior managers is generally significant 2008 6.63 6 5.35

• Competent senior managers

Competent senior managers are readily available 2008 6.89 2 5.14

3.3 Finance Bank Efficiency

• Banking sector assets

Percentage of GDP 2007 83.01 36 144.37

• Credit

Credit flows easily from banks to businesses 2008 7.24 9 6.11

• Financial cards in circulation

Number of cards per capita 2007 1.65 - -

• Financial card transactions

US$ per capita 2007 1,757.56 42 6,803.60

• Investment risk

Euromoney country credit-worthiness scale from 0-100 2007 68.83 32 74.00

• Venture capital

Venture capital is easily available for business development 2008 4.26 40 4.92

• Banking and financial services

Banking and financial services do support business activities efficiently 2008 7.26 10 6.20

• Retail banking

Population / number of bank offices 2007 8,754.62 - -

• Banking regulation

Banking regulation does not hinder business development 2008 7.58 8 6.30

• Financial risk factor

The risk factor in the financial system (new financial instruments, non-performing loans, etc.) is adequately addressed 2008 7.74 3 5.75

3.3 Finance Stock Market Efficiency

• Stock markets

Stock markets provide adequate financing to companies 2008 6.84 12 5.62

• Stock market capitalization

US$ billions 2006 174.56 30 963.10

• Stock market capitalization

Percentage of GDP 2006 119.69 16 107.14

• Value traded on stock markets

US$ per capita 2006 1,742.26 34 23,303.39

• Listed domestic companies

Number of listed domestic companies 2006 244.00 30 770.11

• Stock market index

Percentage change on index in national currency 2007 13.30 30 24.11

• Shareholders' rights

Shareholders' rights are sufficiently implemented 2008 6.95 19 6.31

• Financial institutions' transparency

Financial institutions' transparency is sufficiently implemented 2008 7.47 3 5.85

Finance Management

• Cash flow

Cash flow is generally sufficient to allow companies to self-finance 2008 6.42 18 5.56

• Corporate debt

Business Efficiency 3.4 Management Practices

• Adaptability of companies

Adaptability of companies to market changes is high 2008 7.16 5 5.90

• Ethical practices

Ethical practices are implemented in companies 2008 6.47 22 5.93

• Credibility of managers

Credibility of managers in society is strong 2008 6.95 6 5.88

• Corporate boards

Corporate boards do supervise the management of companies effectively 2008 6.63 6 5.69

• Auditing and accounting practices

Auditing and accounting practices are adequately implemented in business 2008 7.58 16 6.91

• Shareholder value

Shareholder value is efficiently managed 2008 7.11 6 6.18

• Customer satisfaction

Customer satisfaction is emphasized in companies 2008 6.43 38 6.70

• Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship of managers is widespread in business 2008 6.26 16 5.81

• Social responsibility

Social responsibility of business leaders is high 2008 5.74 25 5.49

• Health, safety & environmental concerns

Health, safety & environmental concerns are adequately addressed by management 2008 5.95 27 5.91

3.5 Attitudes and Values

• Attitudes toward globalization

Attitudes toward globalization are generally positive in your society 2008 7.62 5 5.99

• Image abroad

The image abroad of your country encourages business development 2008 8.22 6 6.02

• National culture

The national culture is open to foreign ideas 2008 7.05 22 6.71

• Flexibility and adaptability

Flexibility and adaptability of people are high when faced with new challenges 2008 6.11 32 6.28

• Need for economic and social reforms

The need for economic and social reforms is generally well understood 2008 5.95 22 5.49

• Value system

The value system in your society supports competitiveness 2008 6.16 19 5.81

• Corporate values

Corporate values take into account the values of employees 2008 5.89 34 6.09

Infrastructure
4.1 Basic Infrastructure

• Land area

Square kilometers ('000) 2007 756.63 - -

• Arable area

Square meters per capita 2005 1,422.86 38 3,364.54

• Access to water

Access to water is adequately ensured and managed 2008 7.79 28 7.43

• Access to commodities

Access to commodities (basic resources, food, etc.) is adequately addressed 2008 7.53 33 7.72

• Urbanization

Urbanization of cities supports business development 2008 7.26 27 6.96

• Population - market size

Estimates in millions 2007 16.59 30 86.02

• Population under 15 years

Percentage of total population 2007 23.84 - -

• Population over 65 years

Percentage of total population 2007 8.37 - -

• Dependency ratio

Population under 15 and over 64 years old, divided by active population (15 to 64 years) 2007 47.51 23 48.99

• Roads

Density of the network, km per square km 2005 0.12 48 1.02

• Railroads

Density of the network, km per square km 2006 0.01 42 0.04

• Air transportation

Number of passengers carried by main companies, thousands 2005 5,939.02 39 35,031.13

• Quality of air transportation

Quality of air transportation encourages business development 2008 7.74 19 7.00

• Distribution infrastructure

The distribution infrastructure of goods and services is generally efficient 2008 7.47 23 6.88

• Water transportation

Water transportation (harbors, canals, etc.) meets business requirements 2008 7.32 18 6.32

• Maintenance and development

Maintenance and development of infrastructure are adequately planned and financed 2008 6.42 16 5.34

• Energy infrastructure

Energy infrastructure is adequate and efficient 2008 3.89 48 5.97

• Future energy supply

Future energy supply is adequately ensured 2008 3.08 50 5.10

• Total indigenous energy production

Millions MTOE 2005 9.12 - -

• Total indigenous energy production per capita

MTOE per capita 2005 0.56 - -

• Total indigenous energy production

Percentage of total requirements in tons of oil equivalent 2005 30.84 40 84.39

• Total final energy consumption

Millions MTOE 2005 22.11 - -

• Total final energy consumption per capita

MTOE per capita 2005 1.36 - -

• Electricity costs for industrial clients

US$ per kwh 2006 0.09 25 0.08

4.2 Technological Infrastructure

• Investment in telecommunications

Percentage of GDP 2006 0.40 37 0.61

• Fixed telephone lines

Number of main lines per 1000 inhabitants 2006 202.00 43 358.05

• International fixed telephone costs

US$ per 3 minutes in peak hours to USA (for USA to Europe) 2005 0.90 34 0.89

• Mobile telephone subscribers

Number of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants 2006 756.20 41 907.18

• Mobile telephone costs

Mobile cellular tariffs - US$ per 1 minute (local) 2006 0.31 34 0.26

• Communications technology

Communications technology (voice and data) meets business requirements 2008 8.42 16 7.54

• Computers in use

Worldwide share / Source: Computer Industry Almanac 2007 0.36 35 1.61

• Computers per capita

Number of computers per 1000 people / Source: Computer Industry Almanac 2007 239.14 34 425.60

• Internet users

Number of internet users per 1000 people / Source: Computer Industry Almanac 2007 424.46 34 488.62

• Internet costs

Cost for 20 hours dial-up per month, US$ 2006 25.63 45 16.88

• Broadband subscribers

Number of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants 2006 51.03 36 128.90

• Broadband costs

US$ per 100 kbits/s per month 2006 3.52 43 3.25

• Information technology skills

Information technology skills are readily available 2008 7.63 21 7.19

• Technological cooperation

Technological cooperation between companies is developed 2008 4.76 40 5.71

• Public and private sector ventures

Public and private sector ventures are supporting technological development 2008 5.53 32 5.92

• Development and application of technology

Development and application of technology are supported by the legal environment 2008 5.94 30 6.29

• Funding for technological development

Funding for technological development is readily available 2008 4.86 34 5.44

• Technological regulation

Technological regulation supports business development and innovation 2008 6.11 29 6.10

• High-tech exports

US$ millions 2006 401.25 50 32,662.23

• High-tech exports

Percentage of manufactured exports 2006 6.51 41 16.66

• Cyber security

Cyber security is being adequately addressed by corporations 2008 6.00 27 5.87

4.3 Scientific Infrastructure

• Total expenditure on R&D

US$ millions 2006 989.48 40 17,681.17

• Total expenditure on R&D

Percentage of GDP 2006 0.68 39 1.44

• Total expenditure on R&D per capita

US$ per capita 2006 60.33 - -

• Business expenditure on R&D

US$ millions 2006 197.90 44 12,274.04

• Business expenditure on R&D

Percentage of GDP 2006 0.14 46 0.91

• Total R&D personnel nationwide

Full-time work equivalent (FTE thousands) 2006 21.69 37 144.23

• Total R&D personnel nationwide per capita

Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people 2006 1.35 38 4.04

• Total R&D personnel in business enterprise

Full-time work equivalent (FTE thousands) 2006 - - -

• Total R&D personnel in business per capita

Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people 2006 - - -

• Basic research

Basic research does enhance long-term economic development 2008 4.97 36 5.64

• Science degrees

Percentage of total first university degrees in science and engineering 2004 31.85 32 35.53

• Scientific articles

Scientific articles published by origin of author 2005 1,559.00 38 12,881.70

• Science in schools

Science in schools is sufficiently emphasized 2008 3.53 46 4.76

• Youth interest in science

Youth interest in science is strong 2008 3.74 45 4.54

• Nobel prizes

Awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950 2007 0.00 26 7.87

• Nobel prizes per capita

Awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950 per million people 2007 0.00 26 0.18

• Patents granted to residents

Number of patents granted to residents (average 2004-2006) 2006 17.67 45 8,008.19

• Securing patents abroad

Number of patents secured abroad by country residents 2005 17.00 47 4,153.20

• Intellectual property rights

Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced 2008 5.21 31 5.78

• Number of patents in force

Per 100,000 inhabitants 2006 - 466.30

• Patent productivity

Patents granted to residents / R&D personnel in business ('000s) 2006 - 47.09

• Scientific research

Scientific research is supported by legislation 2008 4.53 38 5.45

Infrastructure
4.4 Health and Environment

• Total health expenditure

Percentage of GDP 2005 6.10 40 7.60

• Total health expenditure per capita

US$ per capita 2005 446.07 - -

• Public expenditure on health

Percentage of total health expenditure 2005 47.10 - -

• Health infrastructure

Health infrastructure meets the needs of society 2008 4.79 30 5.07

• Life expectancy at birth

Average estimate 2005 77.50 26 75.40

• Healthy life expectancy

Average estimate 2006 68.90 - -

• Infant mortality

Under five mortality rate per 1000 live births 2005 10.00 - -

• Medical assistance

Number of inhabitants per physician and per nurse 2007 - 47 -

• Urban population

Percentage of total population 2007 85.97 - -

• Human development index

Combines economic - social - educational indicators / Source: Human Development Report 2005 0.87 32 0.87

• Health problems

Health problems (sicknesses, AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, etc.) do not have a significant impact on companies 2008 6.47 28 6.31

• Energy intensity

Commercial energy consumed for each dollar of GDP in kilojoules 2004 10,624.19 34 12,199.35

• Paper and cardboard recycling rate

Percentage of apparent consumption 2007 - 51.87

• Waste water treatment plants

Percentage of population served 2005 77.50 20 74.19

• CO2 emissions

Metric tons of carbon dioxide 2005 62.42 - -

• CO2 emissions intensity

CO2 emissions in metric tons per one million US$ of GDP 2005 651.42 35 777.42

• Renewable energies

Share of renewable and wastes in total energy requirements, % 2005 22.50 - -

• Ecological footprint

Area units per person, hectares of biologically productive space 2003 2.30 13 3.97

• Sustainable development

Sustainable development is a priority in companies 2008 6.11 28 6.17

• Pollution problems

Pollution problems do not seriously affect your economy 2008 5.00 37 5.70

• Environmental laws

Environmental laws and compliance do not hinder the competitiveness of businesses 2008 5.26 49 6.08

• Quality of life

Quality of life is high 2008 6.68 26 6.50

Infrastructure
4.5 Education

• Total public expenditure on education

Percentage of GDP 2006 3.07 49 4.83

• Total public expenditure on education per capita

US$ per capita 2006 272.75 - -

• Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education)

Ratio of students to teaching staff 2005 25.92 49 18.16

• Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education)

Ratio of students to teaching staff 2005 24.77 50 15.23

• Secondary school enrollment

Percentage of relevant age group receiving full-time education 2005 81.00 39 84.89

• Higher education achievement

Percentage of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons 25-34 2005 18.00 39 28.86

• Student mobility inbound

Foreign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants 2005 0.12 40 1.94

• Student mobility outbound

National tertiary-level students studying abroad per 1000 inhabitants 2005 0.53 - -

• Educational assessment

PISA survey of 15-year olds 2006 - - -

• English proficiency

TOEFL scores 2006 239.00 - -

• Educational system

The educational system meets the needs of a competitive economy 2008 3.26 46 4.76

• University education

University education meets the needs of a competitive economy 2008 6.16 20 5.36

• Management education

Management education meets the needs of the business community 2008 5.32 32 5.53

• Illiteracy

Adult (over 15 years) illiteracy rate as a percentage of population 2005 4.30 38 4.41

• Economic literacy

Economic literacy among the population is generally high 2008 4.79 26 4.69

• Education in finance

Education in finance does meet the needs of enterprises 2008 6.00 25 5.58

• Language skills

Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises 2008 4.05 40 5.45

• Qualified engineers

Qualified engineers are available in your labor market 2008 7.21 3 5.56

• Knowledge transfer

Knowledge transfer is highly developed between companies and universities 2008 4.53 29 4.66